What is the significance of Ohm's Law in electrical circuits?

Ohm's Law is fundamental in understanding electrical circuits as it establishes the direct relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. The law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. This relationship is mathematically expressed as V = I × R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

This principle is crucial for analyzing and designing electrical circuits, as it allows engineers and technicians to calculate the required current for a given voltage and resistance, determine the necessary resistor values in a circuit, and troubleshoot circuit malfunctions. By using Ohm's Law, one can predict how changing one of the three variables affects the others, thus providing a clear framework for understanding circuit behavior.

The other options do not accurately represent the significance of Ohm's Law: capacitance is a separate concept related to capacitors rather than resistors, inductors operate under different principles that involve inductance and not Ohm's Law, and thermodynamic properties pertain to heat and energy transfers, which are beyond the scope of Ohm's Law in electrical circuits.