What is the main function of a surge protector?

The main function of a surge protector is to divert excess voltage to the ground. This is critical for protecting electronic devices from voltage spikes caused by events such as lightning strikes or power surges. When the incoming voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the surge protector directs the excess electrical energy away from sensitive equipment and into the ground, thereby preventing damage.

Surge protectors typically use components like metal oxide varistors (MOVs) to sense the excess voltage and take action to prevent it from reaching the connected devices, ensuring that they operate within safe voltage levels. This function is vital for maintaining the longevity and functionality of consumer electronics, computers, and home appliances, which can be easily damaged by sudden surges in voltage.

The other choices do not accurately describe the primary purpose of a surge protector. For instance, increasing voltage supply and amplifying electrical signals are functions associated with different devices like transformers and amplifiers, respectively. Storing excess electrical energy is a role played by devices such as batteries or capacitors, which is unrelated to the surge protection function.