What function does a literature review serve in research?

A literature review is a crucial element in the research process, primarily serving the function of summarizing existing research and identifying gaps in the current body of knowledge. By reviewing previous studies and publications, researchers can gain insights into what has already been explored, which methodologies were employed, and the conclusions drawn by other scholars. This process not only contextualizes the new research within the existing landscape but also highlights areas where further investigation is needed. Such gaps may arise from overlooked topics, unanswered questions, or recent developments that have not been addressed in prior literature.

In contrast, while statistical data is important for analysis, it is typically derived from primary or secondary research rather than being a function of the literature review itself. Similarly, ethical considerations and methodologies are essential components of research, but they are addressed separately in different sections of a research paper or proposal. The literature review's primary role is to set the stage for the research study by providing a comprehensive backdrop against which the new research is positioned.