What does the 'theory of change' outline?

The 'theory of change' is a comprehensive framework that articulates the rationale behind the expected transformation within a program or initiative. It outlines how and why specific changes are anticipated to take place, detailing the processes that link program activities to the desired outcomes. This approach helps in clarifying the underlying assumptions and logical connections between each step in a program, from initiating activities to achieving long-term goals. By clearly defining these pathways, stakeholders can better understand the factors that contribute to success and the conditions necessary for the realization of intended impacts.

Alternative options, while they address other aspects of program implementation or evaluation, do not encapsulate the core purpose of the 'theory of change.' For instance, financial resources, political influences, and timelines are important considerations in program management but do not directly capture the essence of how change is expected to unfold within the context of a specific initiative.