What characterizes empirical research?

Empirical research is characterized by its emphasis on observable and objective evidence. This means that it involves the collection and analysis of data derived from real-world observations or experiments, allowing researchers to draw conclusions based on tangible evidence rather than theoretical assumptions. This approach is essential in scientific inquiries, as it helps to ensure that findings are valid and can be replicated by others.

The focus on objective evidence ensures that research conclusions are grounded in reality, making them more reliable. By systematically collecting and analyzing data, empirical research can address specific questions, test hypotheses, and ultimately contribute to a deeper understanding of a given phenomenon. This methodology is foundational in various fields, including natural and social sciences, where understanding behavior, patterns, and outcomes is crucial.

The other choices do not align with the principles of empirical research. While theoretical models can inform research, they do not constitute the foundation of empirical evidence. A systematic approach is essential for effective empirical research, and dismissing data from experiments contradicts the very nature of such an investigation.