What are the two main components of a transformer?

The primary winding and the secondary winding are indeed the two main components of a transformer, as they play crucial roles in its operational function.

In a transformer, the primary winding is the coil of wire that receives alternating current (AC) power input. When AC flows through this winding, it creates a magnetic field that surrounds the coil. This magnetic field is then transferred to the secondary winding, which is positioned nearby. The secondary winding is another coil that does not physically connect to the primary winding but is magnetically linked to it through the core of the transformer.

As the magnetic field fluctuates, it induces a voltage in the secondary winding based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. The relationship between the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings determines the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer, allowing it to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage for various applications.

The other options do not correctly represent the fundamental components necessary for the basic operation of a transformer, which relies specifically on these windings and their ability to transfer energy through electromagnetic induction.